Wastewater: plant indicators around mountain chalets – case study "Niklův vrch" and "Rennerovy boudy" (The Krkonoše Mountains National Park, Czech Republic).

This diploma thesis was solved in Niklův vrch and Rennerovy boudy, areas located in the eastern part of The Krkonoše Mountains National Park. The main aims of this work were vegetation survey and description of environmental factors by Ellenberg indicator values of meadow areas contaminated by leaked sewage and meadows in their vicinity (referential areas). Another objective of this study was to determine soil pH, acceptable phosphorus and total nitrogen content and heavy metals amount in soil samples. Based on all collected data was proposed future management for each area. The negative influence of leaking sewage on meadows in Niklův vrch wasn´t confirmed, because of their highly effective cleaning by three-compartment septic tank and biological filter before discharge into surface waters. Leaked sewage loading was demonstrated in Rennerovy boudy, but only in the area just below the septic tank. The reason of the loading is unsatisfactory condition of the septic tank itself (change to cesspool by blinding discharge and sunken cover). This area was characterized by low species diversity, which is connected with the lowest number of plant species found there (12 species). Based on the habitat of dominant nitrophilous species Urtica dioica and species with nitrophilous tendencies (Alopecurus pratensis, Geranium sylvaticum and Chaerophyllum hirsutum) was determined association Rumicetum alpini Beger 1922 here. Soil from the area affected by the leaked sewage was characterized by the highest pH/KCl and total nitrogen content and also increased contents of acceptable and total P and K compared to other soil samples. To suppress this undesirable community Rumicetum alpini Beger 1922 is particularly necessary to improve the process of purifying leaking sewage by replacement the cesspool for household wastewater treatment plant. The distribution of this community also affects the absence of management. Therefore, it seems necessary to renew one-year mowing by scythe of this area